Employment Law in Hungary
Hungarian employment law is primarily based on Act I of 2012 (the Labor Code), which sets out a detailed set of rules for the employment relationship. The system is designed to be both flexible for employers and protective of employees; however, many of the rules are mandatory in nature and cannot be contracted around.
1. Written Contracts
The employment relationship in Hungary must be established by a written employment contract, which is signed on or before the first day of work. The contract should be in the Hungarian language. A bilingual version may be agreed upon if required for clarity, but in any event, the Hungarian language version is always the one that counts legally.
By law, the employment contract must include the following essential elements:
- The employee’s base salary expressed in Hungarian Forint (HUF)
- The job title and description of duties
- The place of work.
Employment contracts are of indefinite term unless otherwise agreed. Fixed-term contracts are allowed but are subject to a total term (including any renewals) of no more than five years and must be specifically justified. Probation may be stipulated in the contract, but the period of probation may not exceed three months and must be agreed upon in the original contract.
2. Working Hours
Hungary generally requires an eight-hour workday, five-day work week which sums up to a 40 hour work week. An employee must have at least a 20-minute break if the working day is longer than 6 hours and at least 11 hours rest between two working days.
Overtime working is strictly controlled. The general annual limit is 250 hours. An amendment of 2019 (controversial at the time, because it increases the maximum level of allowable overtime) permits up to 400 hours in a year if there is a collective bargaining agreement (tariff agreement) or a specific individual written agreement with the employee.
Overtime is paid at the rate of 150% of the employee’s pay for the normal working hours if these are worked during the weekdays. 200% of the pay for the normal working hours, or 100% plus an alternative rest day, if these are worked during the weekend or a public holiday.
3. Paid Leave
Hungarian employees are entitled to at least 20 working days of paid annual leave. This amount of leave increases with the age of the employee. It is raised by one day per year, starting with the year the employee turns 25 years old, to a maximum of 30 days per year for employees age 45 and over.
Parents with children under 16 are also entitled to additional paid leave. Employees with children are entitled to additional days of paid leave based on the number of children as follows:
- One child – Two additional days of paid leave
- Two children – Four days
- More than two children – Seven days
4. Sick Leave
Hungarian law also provides employees with 15 days of sick leave per calendar year. The employer is liable to pay 70% of the absence pay during this time. The absence due to sickness must be confirmed by a medical certificate provided by a doctor.
If an illness lasts more than 15 days, the employee can take a further period of leave for a year. He/She will then be compensated by the state social security system at a reduced rate (50% to 60% of salary). The payment is divided between the employer and the state.
5. Public Holidays
Hungary has several national and religious public holidays, on which working people have a paid day off. As of 2025, the following dates are official public holidays:
- January 1 – New Year’s Day
- March 15 – National Day (Anniversary of the 1848 Revolution)
- April 18 – Good Friday
- April 21 – Easter Monday
- May 1 – Labour Day
- June 9 – Whit Monday
- August 20 – Saint Stephen’s Day (State Foundation Day)
- October 23 – National Day (Anniversary of the 1956 Revolution)
- November 1 – All Saints’ Day
- December 25 – Christmas Day
- December 26 – Boxing Day
6. Maternity Benefits
Female employees can take 24 weeks of maternity leave starting 4 weeks before the expected date of delivery. This benefit is called Pregnancy and Confinement Benefit (CSED) and is state-funded at 100% of the employees’ average daily wage.
After the 24-week maternity leave period, either parent can take unpaid childcare leave until the child is 3 years old. The employee remains on the job during this time and can apply for other state-funded allowances (such as Child Care Fee (GYED) or Child Home Care Allowance (GYES)), for example.
Dad can take 10 working days of paternity leave after the birth of his child (within 2 months of birth). Paternity leave is paid leave.
7. Termination Rules
Termination of an employment contract is governed by statutory regulations, with the employer required to serve written notice of termination, with a valid, substantial, and specific reason for the termination. A valid reason for termination may be connected with the conduct or ability of the employee, or with operational reasons, such as restructuring or redundancy, on the part of the employer.
The statutory notice period is 30 days, which is extended depending on the seniority of the employee with the company, where the employer is the party terminating the agreement.
- 0-3 years of service – 30 days notice
- 3-5 years of service – 35 days notice
- 5-8 years of service – 45 days notice
- 8-10 years of service – 50 days notice
- 10-15 years of service – 55 days notice
- 15-18 years of service – 60 days notice
- 18-20 years of service – 70 days notice
- 20+ years of service – 90 days notice
Severance pay is required for any employee with a tenure of at least three years that are terminated for operational reasons. Severance pay is also scaled by tenure, from one month’s salary for three years of service all the way up to six months’ salary for 25 or more years of service.
8. Employer Obligations
Employers in Hungary have a wide range of legal responsibilities. The social contribution tax (employer’s contribution) is 13% of gross wages. Since January 1, 2022, the separate vocational training contribution of 1.5% has been abolished and is now included in the 13% social contribution tax. These contributions are paid to fund the healthcare system in Hungary, pensions, and labor market insurance.
Employees are subject to a flat 15% personal income tax withholding. The employer is responsible for withholding and paying these amounts to the National Tax and Customs Administration (NAV) every month, along with the employer’s social contribution tax.
Employers in Hungary are responsible for following workplace health & safety regulations, including risk assessments, safety training, protective equipment, and provision of occupational health services as per Hungarian labor law and other legislation.